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primary antibodies against cd68  (Proteintech)


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    Proteintech primary antibodies against cd68
    Primary Antibodies Against Cd68, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 44 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/primary+antibodies+against+cd68/APC+Anti-human+CD68/10__1016_slash_j__cej__2026__175282-85-1-6
    Average 96 stars, based on 44 article reviews
    primary antibodies against cd68 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

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    Incubation:

    Article Title: Bioactive biphasic textile scaffold for spatiotemporal regulation of inflammation and osteogenesis in enthesis healing during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
    Article Snippet: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains clinically challenging due to persistent inflammation and poor tendon-bone integration.. To address these issues, we engineered a bioactive multiphasic textile scaffold (PGMR) featuring a mechanically supportive polylactic acid (PLA) microfiber core and a spatially functionalized electrospun outer layer.. This spatially engineered scaffold incorporates nano‐magnesium oxide (nMgO)enhanced bone segments at both ends for osteogenesis and a central tendon segment functionalized with PLAresveratrol (Res) conjugates to enable sustained immunomodulation.

    Article Title: Sinomenine Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Blocking TGF-β/SMAD and c-JUN Signaling.
    Article Snippet: .. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 3% H2O2, followed by blocking with 10% normal goat serum for 1 h. Next, the sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with specific primary antibodies against CD68 (1:200, Cat# 28058- 1- AP), F4/80 (1:100, Cat# 28463- 1- AP), MMP2 (1:200, Cat# 10373- 2- AP), and phospho- c- JUN (1:200, Cat# 28891- 1- AP) (all from Proteintech, China). .. Subsequently, slides were washed with PBS and treated with CoraLite594- conjugated goat anti- mouse/rabbit IgG(H + L) (1:200, Proteintech, China) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Immunohistochemistry:

    Article Title: Cu2+ chelated chitosan coated urinary catheter with synergistic antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects for clinical application
    Article Snippet: .. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using primary antibodies against CD68 (Proteintech #28058–1-AP, 1:150), TNF-α (Proteintech #60291–1-Ig, 1:200), and VEGFA (Proteintech #66828–1-Ig, 1:300), followed by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies with DAB development and hematoxylin counterstaining. .. Fluorescence imaging was performed on a Leica DM6 B confocal microscope using FITC (488 nm excitation) and TRITC (552 nm excitation), with z-stack images collected at 1 μm intervals.

    Article Title: Thymoquinone Protects against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Cardiac Damage in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient (LDL-R −/− ) Mice via Its Anti-inflammatory and Antipyroptotic Effects
    Article Snippet: .. The materials and reagents were the following: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China); IL-6 and TNF- α ELISA kit (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); immunohistochemistry staining kit (Zsbio, Beijing, China); primary antibodies against CD68 (rabbit anti-CD68 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech, Wuhan, China); CD36 (rabbit anti-CD36 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech); polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Immobilon, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); diluent (P0023A; Beyotime); NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3; rabbit anti-NLRP3 antibody, 1 : 1000; Boster, Wuhan, China); interleukin- (IL-) 18 (rabbit anti-IL-18 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); IL-1 β (rabbit anti-IL-1 β antibody, 1 : 1000; Arigo, Hamburg, Germany); caspase-1 (rabbit anti-caspase-1 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); phosphoextracellular signal-related kinase (P-ERK; rabbit anti-P-ERK, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); NF- κ B (NF- κ B; rabbit anti-NF- κ B, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); p-38 (p-38; rabbit anti-p-38, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); anti- β -actin (1 : 1000; Proteintech); secondary antibody (anti-rabbit Ig-G, 1 : 1000; Cell Signaling Technology); cDNA Synthesis SuperMix kit (Transgen, Beijing, China); qPCR; and the TransStart Top Green qPCR SuperMix kit (Transgen). ..

    Marker:

    Article Title: IRF7 orchestrates proinflammatory macrophage polarization and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies against CD68 (macrophage marker; 25747-1-AP, Proteintech; 1:200 dilution) and S100A12 (inflammatory marker; 16630-1-AP, Proteintech; 1:100 dilution) were applied overnight at 4 °C. .. After being washed with TBS-T (0.1% Tween-20 in TBS), the sections were incubated with species-matched horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (CW2069S, CWBIO) for 45 min at RT.

    Article Title: IRF7 orchestrates proinflammatory macrophage polarization and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies against CD68 (macrophage marker; 275 25747-1-AP, Proteintech; 1:200 dilution) and S100A12 276 (inflammatory marker; 16630-1-AP, Proteintech; 1:100 dilution) 277 were applied overnight at 4°C. .. After being washed with TBS-T 278 (0.1% Tween-20 in TBS), the sections were incubated with species279 matched horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary 280 antibodies (CW2069S, CWBIO) for 45 minutes at RT.

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: Sinomenine Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Blocking TGF-β/SMAD and c-JUN Signaling.
    Article Snippet: .. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 3% H2O2, followed by blocking with 10% normal goat serum for 1 h. Next, the sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with specific primary antibodies against CD68 (1:200, Cat# 28058- 1- AP), F4/80 (1:100, Cat# 28463- 1- AP), MMP2 (1:200, Cat# 10373- 2- AP), and phospho- c- JUN (1:200, Cat# 28891- 1- AP) (all from Proteintech, China). .. Subsequently, slides were washed with PBS and treated with CoraLite594- conjugated goat anti- mouse/rabbit IgG(H + L) (1:200, Proteintech, China) for 1 h at room temperature.

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: Sinomenine Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Blocking TGF-β/SMAD and c-JUN Signaling.
    Article Snippet: .. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked with 3% H2O2, followed by blocking with 10% normal goat serum for 1 h. Next, the sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with specific primary antibodies against CD68 (1:200, Cat# 28058- 1- AP), F4/80 (1:100, Cat# 28463- 1- AP), MMP2 (1:200, Cat# 10373- 2- AP), and phospho- c- JUN (1:200, Cat# 28891- 1- AP) (all from Proteintech, China). .. Subsequently, slides were washed with PBS and treated with CoraLite594- conjugated goat anti- mouse/rabbit IgG(H + L) (1:200, Proteintech, China) for 1 h at room temperature.

    CRP Assay:

    Article Title: Thymoquinone Protects against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Cardiac Damage in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient (LDL-R −/− ) Mice via Its Anti-inflammatory and Antipyroptotic Effects
    Article Snippet: .. The materials and reagents were the following: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China); IL-6 and TNF- α ELISA kit (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); immunohistochemistry staining kit (Zsbio, Beijing, China); primary antibodies against CD68 (rabbit anti-CD68 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech, Wuhan, China); CD36 (rabbit anti-CD36 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech); polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Immobilon, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); diluent (P0023A; Beyotime); NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3; rabbit anti-NLRP3 antibody, 1 : 1000; Boster, Wuhan, China); interleukin- (IL-) 18 (rabbit anti-IL-18 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); IL-1 β (rabbit anti-IL-1 β antibody, 1 : 1000; Arigo, Hamburg, Germany); caspase-1 (rabbit anti-caspase-1 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); phosphoextracellular signal-related kinase (P-ERK; rabbit anti-P-ERK, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); NF- κ B (NF- κ B; rabbit anti-NF- κ B, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); p-38 (p-38; rabbit anti-p-38, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); anti- β -actin (1 : 1000; Proteintech); secondary antibody (anti-rabbit Ig-G, 1 : 1000; Cell Signaling Technology); cDNA Synthesis SuperMix kit (Transgen, Beijing, China); qPCR; and the TransStart Top Green qPCR SuperMix kit (Transgen). ..

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: Thymoquinone Protects against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Cardiac Damage in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient (LDL-R −/− ) Mice via Its Anti-inflammatory and Antipyroptotic Effects
    Article Snippet: .. The materials and reagents were the following: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China); IL-6 and TNF- α ELISA kit (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); immunohistochemistry staining kit (Zsbio, Beijing, China); primary antibodies against CD68 (rabbit anti-CD68 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech, Wuhan, China); CD36 (rabbit anti-CD36 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech); polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Immobilon, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); diluent (P0023A; Beyotime); NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3; rabbit anti-NLRP3 antibody, 1 : 1000; Boster, Wuhan, China); interleukin- (IL-) 18 (rabbit anti-IL-18 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); IL-1 β (rabbit anti-IL-1 β antibody, 1 : 1000; Arigo, Hamburg, Germany); caspase-1 (rabbit anti-caspase-1 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); phosphoextracellular signal-related kinase (P-ERK; rabbit anti-P-ERK, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); NF- κ B (NF- κ B; rabbit anti-NF- κ B, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); p-38 (p-38; rabbit anti-p-38, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); anti- β -actin (1 : 1000; Proteintech); secondary antibody (anti-rabbit Ig-G, 1 : 1000; Cell Signaling Technology); cDNA Synthesis SuperMix kit (Transgen, Beijing, China); qPCR; and the TransStart Top Green qPCR SuperMix kit (Transgen). ..

    Staining:

    Article Title: Thymoquinone Protects against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Cardiac Damage in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient (LDL-R −/− ) Mice via Its Anti-inflammatory and Antipyroptotic Effects
    Article Snippet: .. The materials and reagents were the following: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China); IL-6 and TNF- α ELISA kit (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); immunohistochemistry staining kit (Zsbio, Beijing, China); primary antibodies against CD68 (rabbit anti-CD68 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech, Wuhan, China); CD36 (rabbit anti-CD36 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech); polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Immobilon, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); diluent (P0023A; Beyotime); NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3; rabbit anti-NLRP3 antibody, 1 : 1000; Boster, Wuhan, China); interleukin- (IL-) 18 (rabbit anti-IL-18 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); IL-1 β (rabbit anti-IL-1 β antibody, 1 : 1000; Arigo, Hamburg, Germany); caspase-1 (rabbit anti-caspase-1 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); phosphoextracellular signal-related kinase (P-ERK; rabbit anti-P-ERK, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); NF- κ B (NF- κ B; rabbit anti-NF- κ B, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); p-38 (p-38; rabbit anti-p-38, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); anti- β -actin (1 : 1000; Proteintech); secondary antibody (anti-rabbit Ig-G, 1 : 1000; Cell Signaling Technology); cDNA Synthesis SuperMix kit (Transgen, Beijing, China); qPCR; and the TransStart Top Green qPCR SuperMix kit (Transgen). ..

    cDNA Synthesis:

    Article Title: Thymoquinone Protects against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Cardiac Damage in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient (LDL-R −/− ) Mice via Its Anti-inflammatory and Antipyroptotic Effects
    Article Snippet: .. The materials and reagents were the following: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China); IL-6 and TNF- α ELISA kit (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); immunohistochemistry staining kit (Zsbio, Beijing, China); primary antibodies against CD68 (rabbit anti-CD68 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech, Wuhan, China); CD36 (rabbit anti-CD36 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech); polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Immobilon, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); diluent (P0023A; Beyotime); NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3; rabbit anti-NLRP3 antibody, 1 : 1000; Boster, Wuhan, China); interleukin- (IL-) 18 (rabbit anti-IL-18 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); IL-1 β (rabbit anti-IL-1 β antibody, 1 : 1000; Arigo, Hamburg, Germany); caspase-1 (rabbit anti-caspase-1 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); phosphoextracellular signal-related kinase (P-ERK; rabbit anti-P-ERK, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); NF- κ B (NF- κ B; rabbit anti-NF- κ B, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); p-38 (p-38; rabbit anti-p-38, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); anti- β -actin (1 : 1000; Proteintech); secondary antibody (anti-rabbit Ig-G, 1 : 1000; Cell Signaling Technology); cDNA Synthesis SuperMix kit (Transgen, Beijing, China); qPCR; and the TransStart Top Green qPCR SuperMix kit (Transgen). ..

    Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction:

    Article Title: Thymoquinone Protects against Hyperlipidemia-Induced Cardiac Damage in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient (LDL-R −/− ) Mice via Its Anti-inflammatory and Antipyroptotic Effects
    Article Snippet: .. The materials and reagents were the following: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China); IL-6 and TNF- α ELISA kit (Proteintech, Wuhan, China); immunohistochemistry staining kit (Zsbio, Beijing, China); primary antibodies against CD68 (rabbit anti-CD68 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech, Wuhan, China); CD36 (rabbit anti-CD36 antibody, 1 : 200; Proteintech); polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Immobilon, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); diluent (P0023A; Beyotime); NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3; rabbit anti-NLRP3 antibody, 1 : 1000; Boster, Wuhan, China); interleukin- (IL-) 18 (rabbit anti-IL-18 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); IL-1 β (rabbit anti-IL-1 β antibody, 1 : 1000; Arigo, Hamburg, Germany); caspase-1 (rabbit anti-caspase-1 antibody, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); phosphoextracellular signal-related kinase (P-ERK; rabbit anti-P-ERK, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); NF- κ B (NF- κ B; rabbit anti-NF- κ B, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); p-38 (p-38; rabbit anti-p-38, 1 : 1000; Proteintech); anti- β -actin (1 : 1000; Proteintech); secondary antibody (anti-rabbit Ig-G, 1 : 1000; Cell Signaling Technology); cDNA Synthesis SuperMix kit (Transgen, Beijing, China); qPCR; and the TransStart Top Green qPCR SuperMix kit (Transgen). ..



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    Pharmacology Network Analysis and Target Screening of YPFS. A Venn diagram depicting the overlap among survival-related genes, YPFS targets, and macrophage-associated genes, identifying AHSA1 as the intersection gene. B Network diagram showing relationships between active compounds and target genes. Green nodes represent target genes; red nodes, compounds from largehead atractylodes root; blue nodes, compounds from milkvetch root; and yellow nodes, compounds from divaricate saposhniovia root. C Interaction diagram illustrating AHSA1 and its targeting interactions with wogonin, kaempferol, and quercetin. D Kaplan–Meier survival curves of NSCLC patients stratified by high and low AHSA1 expression, showing poorer prognosis in the high-expression group. E Violin plot depicting AHSA1 expression across different cell types in single-cell data, with highest expression in epithelial cells. F Violin plot showing AHSA1 expression across macrophage functional subtypes, with peak expression observed in MAC3. G Violin plot comparing AHSA1 expression levels in macrophages from normal versus tumor tissues. H Tissue microarray immunofluorescence staining of AHSA1 and <t>CD68</t> in normal and tumor tissues. Scale bar, 50 μm
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    Pharmacology Network Analysis and Target Screening of YPFS. A Venn diagram depicting the overlap among survival-related genes, YPFS targets, and macrophage-associated genes, identifying AHSA1 as the intersection gene. B Network diagram showing relationships between active compounds and target genes. Green nodes represent target genes; red nodes, compounds from largehead atractylodes root; blue nodes, compounds from milkvetch root; and yellow nodes, compounds from divaricate saposhniovia root. C Interaction diagram illustrating AHSA1 and its targeting interactions with wogonin, kaempferol, and quercetin. D Kaplan–Meier survival curves of NSCLC patients stratified by high and low AHSA1 expression, showing poorer prognosis in the high-expression group. E Violin plot depicting AHSA1 expression across different cell types in single-cell data, with highest expression in epithelial cells. F Violin plot showing AHSA1 expression across macrophage functional subtypes, with peak expression observed in MAC3. G Violin plot comparing AHSA1 expression levels in macrophages from normal versus tumor tissues. H Tissue microarray immunofluorescence staining of AHSA1 and <t>CD68</t> in normal and tumor tissues. Scale bar, 50 μm
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    A. Eight-week-old male and female Apoe −/− mice were fed an AMLN diet for 20 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Fat mass, lean mass and random blood glucose were measured at endpoint (n = 9-10/group). Fat mass and lean mass were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and random blood glucose was analyzed by unpaired t test. B. Glucose tolerance tests at week 13 (n = 9-10/group). Area under curve (AUC) comparison between sex were performed using Mann-Whitney test. Insulin tolerance tests at week 14 (n = 9-10/group). AUC comparison was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. C. Serum lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL, HDL) and Liver TC and TG were measured at endpoint (n = 9-10/group). unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. D. Blood cell composition was measured at endpoint (n = 8-10/group). Gran% and Lym% were analyzed by unpaired t test. Mon% was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. E. Aortic en face Oil Red O staining and plaque quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 1 mm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. F. Aortic sinus sections Oil Red O staining and plaque area quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. HE staining of aortic sinus sections and necrotic core area quantification (n = 7-10/group). Main panel scale bar: 500 μm; inset: 62.5 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. Masson’s trichrome staining of aortic sinus sections and collagen content quantification (n = 5/group). Scale bar: 500 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. <t>CD68</t> immunofluorescence staining of aortic sinus sections and macrophage infiltration quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. Mann-Whitney test was used in the data analyzation. All N numbers given represent biological replicates.
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    a Psoriasis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by topically applying IMQ (62.5 mg/cm 2 ). ETI41 and ETI60 were orally administered daily at a dose of 60 mg/kg. b Impact of ETI41 and ETI60 on body weight during treatment. c PASI score indicating disease severity. d Images of the back skin of mice were captured on the fifth day of treatment, revealing the therapeutic efficacy of ETI41 or ETI60 compared with the normal and untreated groups. Immunohistochemical staining of back skin sections from each group revealed the effects of ETI41 and ETI60 on thickness of the epidermis (yellow arrowhead) and dermis (green arrowhead). e The thickness of the epidermis and dermis, as well as the expression levels of <t>CD68</t> (a macrophage marker), Ki-67, IL-17A and IL-23, were measured. f Psoriasis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by injecting IL-23 (500 ng) into their ear skin. Anti-IL17A antibody (Ab, 60 µg) was administered by IP injection as a positive control on days 2, 5 and 8. ETI41 or ETI60 was administered orally at a daily dose of 60 mg/kg for 9 days. g Body weight was recorded during treatment. h On the ninth day of treatment, images of the mouse ears were acquired to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of ETI41 and ETI60 in comparison with the normal, vehicle or anti-IL17 groups. CD68 and Ki-67 expression patterns were determined in skin sections from a representative of each group using immunofluorescence. i Ear skin and epidermis thickness, CD68 expression and percentage of Ki-67 cells were examined from 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained cells. Statistical differences between the induced case and other cases were analyzed and verified using a one-tailed Student’s t -test (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001).
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    Image Search Results


    Pharmacology Network Analysis and Target Screening of YPFS. A Venn diagram depicting the overlap among survival-related genes, YPFS targets, and macrophage-associated genes, identifying AHSA1 as the intersection gene. B Network diagram showing relationships between active compounds and target genes. Green nodes represent target genes; red nodes, compounds from largehead atractylodes root; blue nodes, compounds from milkvetch root; and yellow nodes, compounds from divaricate saposhniovia root. C Interaction diagram illustrating AHSA1 and its targeting interactions with wogonin, kaempferol, and quercetin. D Kaplan–Meier survival curves of NSCLC patients stratified by high and low AHSA1 expression, showing poorer prognosis in the high-expression group. E Violin plot depicting AHSA1 expression across different cell types in single-cell data, with highest expression in epithelial cells. F Violin plot showing AHSA1 expression across macrophage functional subtypes, with peak expression observed in MAC3. G Violin plot comparing AHSA1 expression levels in macrophages from normal versus tumor tissues. H Tissue microarray immunofluorescence staining of AHSA1 and CD68 in normal and tumor tissues. Scale bar, 50 μm

    Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

    Article Title: Single-cell sequencing and network pharmacology coupled with molecular docking and experimental validation reveal the effects of YPFS on macrophages in stage I non-small cell lung cancer

    doi: 10.1007/s00262-026-04305-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacology Network Analysis and Target Screening of YPFS. A Venn diagram depicting the overlap among survival-related genes, YPFS targets, and macrophage-associated genes, identifying AHSA1 as the intersection gene. B Network diagram showing relationships between active compounds and target genes. Green nodes represent target genes; red nodes, compounds from largehead atractylodes root; blue nodes, compounds from milkvetch root; and yellow nodes, compounds from divaricate saposhniovia root. C Interaction diagram illustrating AHSA1 and its targeting interactions with wogonin, kaempferol, and quercetin. D Kaplan–Meier survival curves of NSCLC patients stratified by high and low AHSA1 expression, showing poorer prognosis in the high-expression group. E Violin plot depicting AHSA1 expression across different cell types in single-cell data, with highest expression in epithelial cells. F Violin plot showing AHSA1 expression across macrophage functional subtypes, with peak expression observed in MAC3. G Violin plot comparing AHSA1 expression levels in macrophages from normal versus tumor tissues. H Tissue microarray immunofluorescence staining of AHSA1 and CD68 in normal and tumor tissues. Scale bar, 50 μm

    Article Snippet: Staining was performed with the Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) kit (ABclonal, CAT #RK05902) using primary antibodies against CD68 (ABclonal, CAT #A20803) and AHSA1 (Invitrogen, CAT #PA5-27672), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay, Microarray, Immunofluorescence, Staining

    A. Eight-week-old male and female Apoe −/− mice were fed an AMLN diet for 20 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Fat mass, lean mass and random blood glucose were measured at endpoint (n = 9-10/group). Fat mass and lean mass were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and random blood glucose was analyzed by unpaired t test. B. Glucose tolerance tests at week 13 (n = 9-10/group). Area under curve (AUC) comparison between sex were performed using Mann-Whitney test. Insulin tolerance tests at week 14 (n = 9-10/group). AUC comparison was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. C. Serum lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL, HDL) and Liver TC and TG were measured at endpoint (n = 9-10/group). unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. D. Blood cell composition was measured at endpoint (n = 8-10/group). Gran% and Lym% were analyzed by unpaired t test. Mon% was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. E. Aortic en face Oil Red O staining and plaque quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 1 mm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. F. Aortic sinus sections Oil Red O staining and plaque area quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. HE staining of aortic sinus sections and necrotic core area quantification (n = 7-10/group). Main panel scale bar: 500 μm; inset: 62.5 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. Masson’s trichrome staining of aortic sinus sections and collagen content quantification (n = 5/group). Scale bar: 500 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. CD68 immunofluorescence staining of aortic sinus sections and macrophage infiltration quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. Mann-Whitney test was used in the data analyzation. All N numbers given represent biological replicates.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Re-evaluating the Impact of Biological Sex on Atherosclerosis in Apoe −/− and Ldlr −/− mice

    doi: 10.1101/2025.09.19.677480

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Eight-week-old male and female Apoe −/− mice were fed an AMLN diet for 20 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Fat mass, lean mass and random blood glucose were measured at endpoint (n = 9-10/group). Fat mass and lean mass were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and random blood glucose was analyzed by unpaired t test. B. Glucose tolerance tests at week 13 (n = 9-10/group). Area under curve (AUC) comparison between sex were performed using Mann-Whitney test. Insulin tolerance tests at week 14 (n = 9-10/group). AUC comparison was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. C. Serum lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL, HDL) and Liver TC and TG were measured at endpoint (n = 9-10/group). unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. D. Blood cell composition was measured at endpoint (n = 8-10/group). Gran% and Lym% were analyzed by unpaired t test. Mon% was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. E. Aortic en face Oil Red O staining and plaque quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 1 mm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. F. Aortic sinus sections Oil Red O staining and plaque area quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. HE staining of aortic sinus sections and necrotic core area quantification (n = 7-10/group). Main panel scale bar: 500 μm; inset: 62.5 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. Masson’s trichrome staining of aortic sinus sections and collagen content quantification (n = 5/group). Scale bar: 500 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. CD68 immunofluorescence staining of aortic sinus sections and macrophage infiltration quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. Mann-Whitney test was used in the data analyzation. All N numbers given represent biological replicates.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against CD68 (BIORAD, MCA1957GA) were diluted and applied to the sections, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C.

    Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY, Comparison, Staining, Immunofluorescence

    A.Eight-week-old male and female Ldlr −/− mice were fed an AMLN diet for 20 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Fat mass, lean mass and random blood glucose were measured at endpoint (n = 10/group). Fat mass and random blood glucose were analyzed by unpaired t test and lean mass was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. B. Glucose tolerance tests at week 13 (n = 10/group). Area under curve (AUC) comparison between sex were performed using unpaired t test. Insulin tolerance tests at week 14 (n = 9-10/group). AUC comparison was analyzed by Welch’s t test. C. Serum lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL, HDL) and Liver TC and TG were measured at endpoint (n = 10/group). TC was analyzed by Welch’s t test. TG was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. LDL, HDL, Liver TC and Liver TG were analyzed by unpaired t test. D. Blood cell composition was measured at endpoint (n = 10/group). Gran% and Lym% were analyzed by Welch’s t test. Mon% was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. E. Aortic en face Oil Red O staining and plaque quantification (n = 10/group). Scale bar: 1 mm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. F. Aortic sinus sections Oil Red O staining and plaque area quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. HE staining of aortic sinus sections and necrotic core area quantification (n = 10/group). Main panel scale bar: 500 μm; inset: 62.5 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. Masson’s trichrome staining of aortic sinus sections and collagen content quantification (n = 4-5/group). Scale bar: 500 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. CD68 immunofluorescence staining of aortic sinus sections and macrophage infiltration quantification (n = 10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. All N numbers given represent biological replicates.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Re-evaluating the Impact of Biological Sex on Atherosclerosis in Apoe −/− and Ldlr −/− mice

    doi: 10.1101/2025.09.19.677480

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A.Eight-week-old male and female Ldlr −/− mice were fed an AMLN diet for 20 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Fat mass, lean mass and random blood glucose were measured at endpoint (n = 10/group). Fat mass and random blood glucose were analyzed by unpaired t test and lean mass was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. B. Glucose tolerance tests at week 13 (n = 10/group). Area under curve (AUC) comparison between sex were performed using unpaired t test. Insulin tolerance tests at week 14 (n = 9-10/group). AUC comparison was analyzed by Welch’s t test. C. Serum lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL, HDL) and Liver TC and TG were measured at endpoint (n = 10/group). TC was analyzed by Welch’s t test. TG was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. LDL, HDL, Liver TC and Liver TG were analyzed by unpaired t test. D. Blood cell composition was measured at endpoint (n = 10/group). Gran% and Lym% were analyzed by Welch’s t test. Mon% was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. E. Aortic en face Oil Red O staining and plaque quantification (n = 10/group). Scale bar: 1 mm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. F. Aortic sinus sections Oil Red O staining and plaque area quantification (n = 9-10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. HE staining of aortic sinus sections and necrotic core area quantification (n = 10/group). Main panel scale bar: 500 μm; inset: 62.5 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. Masson’s trichrome staining of aortic sinus sections and collagen content quantification (n = 4-5/group). Scale bar: 500 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. CD68 immunofluorescence staining of aortic sinus sections and macrophage infiltration quantification (n = 10/group). Scale bar: 250 μm. unpaired t test was used in the data analyzation. All N numbers given represent biological replicates.

    Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against CD68 (BIORAD, MCA1957GA) were diluted and applied to the sections, followed by overnight incubation at 4°C.

    Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY, Comparison, Staining, Immunofluorescence

    a Psoriasis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by topically applying IMQ (62.5 mg/cm 2 ). ETI41 and ETI60 were orally administered daily at a dose of 60 mg/kg. b Impact of ETI41 and ETI60 on body weight during treatment. c PASI score indicating disease severity. d Images of the back skin of mice were captured on the fifth day of treatment, revealing the therapeutic efficacy of ETI41 or ETI60 compared with the normal and untreated groups. Immunohistochemical staining of back skin sections from each group revealed the effects of ETI41 and ETI60 on thickness of the epidermis (yellow arrowhead) and dermis (green arrowhead). e The thickness of the epidermis and dermis, as well as the expression levels of CD68 (a macrophage marker), Ki-67, IL-17A and IL-23, were measured. f Psoriasis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by injecting IL-23 (500 ng) into their ear skin. Anti-IL17A antibody (Ab, 60 µg) was administered by IP injection as a positive control on days 2, 5 and 8. ETI41 or ETI60 was administered orally at a daily dose of 60 mg/kg for 9 days. g Body weight was recorded during treatment. h On the ninth day of treatment, images of the mouse ears were acquired to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of ETI41 and ETI60 in comparison with the normal, vehicle or anti-IL17 groups. CD68 and Ki-67 expression patterns were determined in skin sections from a representative of each group using immunofluorescence. i Ear skin and epidermis thickness, CD68 expression and percentage of Ki-67 cells were examined from 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained cells. Statistical differences between the induced case and other cases were analyzed and verified using a one-tailed Student’s t -test (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001).

    Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine

    Article Title: Discovery of ETI41 and ETI60: novel selective endosomal Toll-like receptor inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases

    doi: 10.1038/s12276-025-01526-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Psoriasis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by topically applying IMQ (62.5 mg/cm 2 ). ETI41 and ETI60 were orally administered daily at a dose of 60 mg/kg. b Impact of ETI41 and ETI60 on body weight during treatment. c PASI score indicating disease severity. d Images of the back skin of mice were captured on the fifth day of treatment, revealing the therapeutic efficacy of ETI41 or ETI60 compared with the normal and untreated groups. Immunohistochemical staining of back skin sections from each group revealed the effects of ETI41 and ETI60 on thickness of the epidermis (yellow arrowhead) and dermis (green arrowhead). e The thickness of the epidermis and dermis, as well as the expression levels of CD68 (a macrophage marker), Ki-67, IL-17A and IL-23, were measured. f Psoriasis was induced in female C57BL/6J mice by injecting IL-23 (500 ng) into their ear skin. Anti-IL17A antibody (Ab, 60 µg) was administered by IP injection as a positive control on days 2, 5 and 8. ETI41 or ETI60 was administered orally at a daily dose of 60 mg/kg for 9 days. g Body weight was recorded during treatment. h On the ninth day of treatment, images of the mouse ears were acquired to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of ETI41 and ETI60 in comparison with the normal, vehicle or anti-IL17 groups. CD68 and Ki-67 expression patterns were determined in skin sections from a representative of each group using immunofluorescence. i Ear skin and epidermis thickness, CD68 expression and percentage of Ki-67 cells were examined from 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-stained cells. Statistical differences between the induced case and other cases were analyzed and verified using a one-tailed Student’s t -test (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001).

    Article Snippet: Immunohistochemical analyses were performed using primary antibodies against CD68 (R&D Systems, MAB101141), Ki-67 (Cell Signaling Technology, 12202), IL-17A (Novus Biologicals, NBP1-72027) and IL-23 (Novus Biologicals, NBP1-76697), followed by detection using biotinylated secondary antibodies (Vector Laboratories) and diaminobenzidine (Vector Laboratories) visualization.

    Techniques: Drug discovery, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Marker, Injection, Positive Control, Comparison, Immunofluorescence, One-tailed Test